:root{color-scheme:dark;--bg:#090d11;--panel:#11171d;--panel2:#171f26;--text:#eef2ed;--muted:#a1adae;--line:#2b3439;--accent:#b3f36b;--blue:#6bb9f1;--orange:#f0ab6c;--pink:#dc93ca;--green:#65d5b0;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-synthesis:none}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--text)}button,a,input,select{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button,a{touch-action:manipulation}button,input,select{font:inherit}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button{color:inherit;cursor:pointer}button:disabled{opacity:.35;cursor:default}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;border-radius:6px;padding:11px 17px}button:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--panel2)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.header{height:88px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 4.5%;position:sticky;top:0;background:#090d11ee;backdrop-filter:blur(18px);z-index:20}.brand{font-size:23px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-1px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px}.brand-mark{color:var(--accent);font-size:31px;letter-spacing:-8px;padding-right:6px}.brand-mark span{color:var(--text)}.brand-meta{font:11px/1.4 monospace;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--muted);border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:20px;margin-left:10px}.mode-nav{display:flex;padding:5px;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;gap:4px}.mode-nav a{padding:9px 22px;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);border-radius:4px}.mode-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--bg);background:var(--accent)}.index-trigger{display:flex;gap:28px;border:0;padding-right:0;font-size:14px}.index-panel{position:fixed;inset:88px 0 0 auto;width:min(520px,100%);background:var(--panel);padding:30px;z-index:30;overflow:auto;box-shadow:-30px 20px 70px #0008}.index-panel a{display:flex;gap:22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:16px 8px;line-height:1.5}.index-panel a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.index-panel a span{font:13px monospace;color:var(--muted)}.eyebrow{color:var(--accent);font:12px/1.5 monospace;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}.eyebrow:before{content:'';display:block;width:24px;height:1px;background:var(--accent)}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;min-height:690px;max-width:1600px;margin:auto;position:relative;padding:75px 4.5% 35px;gap:4vw}.hero h1{font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(62px,6.8vw,108px);line-height:.98;letter-spacing:-6px;margin:30px 0}.hero h1 em{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}.hero .lead{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65;max-width:490px;color:var(--muted)}.hero .author{font-size:14px;margin-top:27px;line-height:1.8}.author span{color:var(--muted)}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin:30px 0}.primary{display:inline-flex;padding:14px 23px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg);font-size:14px;font-weight:600;border:1px solid var(--accent)}.text-link{font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--muted);padding-bottom:5px}.hero-visual{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:0;padding:15px 0 50px}.xray-frame{width:100%;max-width:540px;position:relative;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#000;border-radius:2px;padding:28px}.xray-frame:before,.xray-frame:after{content:'';position:absolute;width:22px;height:22px;border-color:var(--accent);border-style:solid;z-index:2}.xray-frame:before{top:-1px;left:-1px;border-width:2px 0 0 2px}.xray-frame:after{right:-1px;bottom:-1px;border-width:0 2px 2px 0}.xray-frame img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:contain;opacity:.85}.image-topline{position:absolute;top:12px;left:16px;right:16px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font:10px monospace;letter-spacing:1.3px;color:#b9c4c6}.scan-label{position:absolute;right:-15px;bottom:55px;background:#151e23ed;border:1px solid #4a5c4b;padding:17px 22px;box-shadow:0 15px 50px #0007;min-width:235px}.scan-label small{font:10px monospace;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:1.5px}.scan-label strong{display:block;font-weight:400;font-size:23px;margin:9px 0 4px}.scan-label p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.figure-number{position:absolute;bottom:16px;left:0;color:var(--muted);font:12px monospace}.hero-strip{margin:0 4.5%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 0}.hero-strip div{border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 30px}.hero-strip div:first-child{padding-left:0}.hero-strip div:last-child{border:0}.hero-strip strong{font-size:32px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-1px}.hero-strip span{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;margin-top:8px}#footer{margin:70px 4.5% 0;padding:25px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.skip{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:12px;background:var(--accent);color:black;padding:12px;z-index:100}.skip:focus{top:12px}.noscript{padding:50px}dialog{background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);border:1px solid var(--line);max-width:90vw;max-height:94vh;padding:22px}dialog::backdrop{background:#000d}dialog img{display:block;max-width:100%;max-height:75vh;object-fit:contain;margin:15px auto}dialog p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5}.dialog-close{display:block;margin-left:auto}@media(max-width:800px){.brand-meta{display:none}.header{height:76px;padding:0 5%}.brand{font-size:20px}.mode-nav a{padding:8px 12px}.index-trigger{font-size:0;gap:0}.index-trigger span{font-size:20px}.index-panel{top:76px}.hero{padding:45px 6% 20px;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.hero h1{font-size:70px;letter-spacing:-4px}.hero .lead{font-size:18px}.hero-visual{padding:10px 12px 45px}.xray-frame{max-width:460px}.scan-label{right:-10px}.hero-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0 6%;gap:25px}.hero-strip div:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.hero-strip div:nth-child(2){border:0}#footer{flex-direction:column;gap:12px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@font-face{font-family:Manrope;src:url('/assets/manrope-400.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:400;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Manrope;src:url('/assets/manrope-600.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:600 800;font-display:swap}body{font-family:Manrope,Arial,sans-serif}h1,h2,h3,h4,p{overflow-wrap:break-word}main:focus{outline:none}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}.home-path{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.4fr;gap:8%;padding:105px 6%;max-width:1550px;margin:auto}.home-path h2{font-size:48px;line-height:1.16;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-2px}.home-path h2 em{font-family:Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent)}.home-path>div>p:not(.eyebrow){color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8;max-width:350px}.path-list a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:34px 1fr auto;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:23px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.path-list a:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}.path-list h3{margin:0;font-size:18px;font-weight:400}.path-list span,.path-list small{color:var(--muted);font:12px monospace}.reading-layout{max-width:1600px;margin:auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:55px;padding:50px 4.5%}.reading-nav{position:sticky;top:130px;align-self:start}.reading-nav>.eyebrow{margin-bottom:28px}.reading-nav a{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:baseline;font-size:13px;padding:13px 0;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5;border-bottom:1px solid #1c262b}.reading-nav a span{font:11px monospace}.reading-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--accent)}.reading-nav small{font:11px monospace;color:var(--muted)}.reading-progress{height:2px;background:var(--line);margin:30px 0 15px}.reading-progress>div{height:100%;background:var(--accent)}.article{min-width:0}.article-heading{padding:10px 0 35px}.article h1{font-size:clamp(38px,4.8vw,66px);line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-2.8px;font-weight:400;margin:25px 0}.article-intro{font-size:19px;line-height:1.75;color:var(--muted);max-width:840px}.article-visual{margin:15px 0 55px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 0}.article-body{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto}.article-body h2{font-size:28px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.7px;margin:48px 0 18px}.article-body p,.article-body li{font-size:17px;line-height:1.9;color:#b8c2c4}.article-body li{margin:14px 0}.article-body strong,.article-body b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600}.article-body a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.article-body [data-visual]{margin:35px -25px;padding:25px;background:var(--panel)}.article-body [data-formula]{margin:26px 0}.source-note{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;margin:55px 0 0}.source-note>span{font:11px monospace;letter-spacing:1.3px;color:var(--accent)}.source-note p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.chapter-pagination{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px;font-size:16px}.chapter-pagination a:last-child{text-align:right}.chapter-pagination small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin-bottom:10px}.chapter-pagination a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.viz-note{font:12px/1.7 Manrope,Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--muted);margin:18px 0 0}.viz-toolbar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;margin-bottom:25px}.viz-toolbar>span:not(.eyebrow){font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}label{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}select{margin-left:10px;color:var(--text);background:var(--panel2);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 12px;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;max-width:100%}svg{max-width:100%;height:auto}svg text{font-family:Manrope,Arial,sans-serif}.question-map{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:24px}.question-item{padding:12px 20px 15px 0;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.question-item:last-child{border:0}.big-num{font-size:52px;color:#52614e;letter-spacing:-3px}.question-item h3{font-size:20px;font-weight:400}.question-item p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);min-height:50px}.question-meta{margin-top:30px}.question-meta b{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:400}.question-meta span{display:block;font:10px monospace;margin-top:10px;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:1px}.split-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:22px}.split-top>span:last-child{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.split-bar{display:flex;gap:4px;margin:20px 0 34px}.split-bar>div{padding:16px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg);font:11px monospace;min-width:110px}.split-bar>div:nth-child(2){background:var(--blue)}.split-bar>div:nth-child(3){background:#cfb9ec}.split-bar b{display:block;font:400 32px/1.2 Manrope,Arial;margin-top:7px;letter-spacing:-1px}.split-roles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.split-roles span{font:10px/1.5 monospace;color:var(--muted)}.split-roles b{display:block;font-size:30px;font-weight:400;margin-top:25px}.split-roles h4{font-size:15px;font-weight:400;margin:5px 0 15px}.split-roles p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.train-role>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px}.split-roles>article{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:20px}.label-states{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1.6fr;gap:12px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0}.label-states b{display:block;color:var(--accent)}.label-states span{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.labels-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.85fr 1.1fr;gap:55px}.annotated-xray{position:relative;background:#000}.image-button{display:block;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent!important;border-radius:0;width:100%;cursor:zoom-in}.image-button img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}.image-chip{display:block;text-align:center;font:10px monospace;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--green);padding:10px}.finding-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:25px 0;gap:0 18px}.finding-list span{font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 0}.finding-list small{font:11px monospace;color:var(--muted);margin-right:10px}.mask-counts{display:flex;gap:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px}.mask-counts b{font-size:40px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-2px}.mask-counts span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.forward-steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:12px}.forward-node{padding:15px 10px;border-radius:3px;min-width:0;text-align:left;background:var(--panel);position:relative}.forward-node.active{border-color:var(--accent);background:#b3f36b08}.forward-node img,.feature-stack,.latent-grid,.proto-dots,.logit-bars{height:100px;width:100px;max-width:100%;object-fit:contain;margin:5px auto 25px;display:block}.forward-node>span{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);display:block}.forward-node>b{font-size:13px;display:block;margin-top:9px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.7}.feature-stack{position:relative}.feature-stack i{position:absolute;inset:0 14px 16px 0;background:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 0 9px,#6bb9f140 9px 10px),repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0 9px,#6bb9f140 9px 10px),#142534;border:1px solid var(--blue);transform:skewY(-10deg)}.feature-stack i:nth-child(2){transform:translate(8px,8px) skewY(-10deg)}.feature-stack i:nth-child(3){transform:translate(16px,16px) skewY(-10deg)}.latent-grid{background:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 0 9px,#b3f36b60 9px 10px),repeating-linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0 9px,#b3f36b60 9px 10px),#1e2b17;border:1px solid var(--accent)}.proto-dots{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:8px;padding:2px 10px}.proto-dots i{width:15px;height:15px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);opacity:.65}.proto-dots i:nth-child(4n){opacity:1;box-shadow:0 0 14px #b3f36b55}.logit-bars{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:6px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 5px 0}.logit-bars i{background:var(--accent);flex:1}.step-detail{padding:22px 0 20px;min-height:112px}.step-detail>b{font-size:17px;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}.step-detail p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 0}.baseline-path{border-top:1px dashed var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;padding-top:16px}.baseline-path span{font:10px monospace;letter-spacing:1px}.baseline-path p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.8}.baseline-path i{margin:0 10px}.geometry-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.15fr;gap:35px;align-items:center}.geometry-drawing>span{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);text-align:center;margin-top:10px}.geometry-control label,.hinge-controls label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;margin-top:28px}.geometry-control output,.hinge-controls output{color:var(--text);font-size:18px}input[type=range]{width:100%;accent-color:var(--accent);margin:20px 0;height:8px;cursor:pointer}.readouts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin:18px 0 25px}.readouts span{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.readouts b{display:block;font-size:31px;letter-spacing:-1px;font-weight:400;margin-top:5px}[data-formula]{font-size:16px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:10px 0;max-width:100%}.katex-display{margin:.4em 0!important}.training-track{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:30px;margin:15px 0 35px}.training-track>div{border-top:1px solid var(--accent);padding-top:15px}.training-track span{font:13px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.training-track h3{font-size:20px;font-weight:400}.training-track p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;font-size:14px}.training-selection{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;background:var(--panel);padding:18px 22px;margin-bottom:25px}.training-selection span{font:11px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.training-selection p{margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}.loss-labels{display:flex;justify-content:space-around;gap:12px;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;margin-top:10px}.hinge-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr;gap:65px;padding:15px 10px}.hinge-result{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:45px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.hinge-result>span{font:11px monospace;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:1px}.hinge-result strong{font-size:90px;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:-5px;margin:10px 0}.hinge-result p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.hinge-bars>div{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:26px}.hinge-bars span{width:60px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.hinge-bars i{background:var(--green);height:7px;display:block}.hinge-bars>div:nth-child(2) i{background:var(--orange)}.legend{display:flex;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0}.legend>span{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.legend i{width:8px;height:8px;display:inline-block;border-radius:50%}.validation-chart,.contrast-chart{width:100%;display:block}.contrast-summary{padding:18px 22px;background:#b3f36b08;border-left:2px solid var(--accent);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px}.contrast-summary>b{font-size:40px;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:-1px}.contrast-summary p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;margin:0}.contrast-summary p span{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}.data-details{margin-top:20px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}summary{cursor:pointer;padding:9px 0}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:13px;margin:15px 0}th,td{text-align:left;padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.6}th{color:var(--text);font-weight:400}.grounding-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px}.grounding-pair>div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:40px}.grounding-pair h3{font-size:25px;font-weight:400;margin:12px 0}.grounding-pair p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.metric-big{font-size:37px;letter-spacing:-1.5px;white-space:nowrap;margin:25px 0;color:#829198}.metric-big>span,.metric-big strong span{font-size:19px;letter-spacing:0}.metric-big strong{font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}.metric-big i{font-style:normal;font-size:25px;margin:0 16px;color:var(--muted)}.metrics-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.95fr 1.15fr;gap:45px}.metric-definitions>article{padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.metric-definitions>article>span{font:11px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.metric-definitions h3{font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-1px;font-weight:400;margin:12px 0}.metric-definitions p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.case-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 100px .78fr;gap:20px;align-items:center}.case-label{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;margin-bottom:16px}.case-label span{font:10px monospace;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--accent)}.case-label b{font-size:13px;font-weight:400}.case-img{border:1px solid var(--line)}.case-connection{text-align:center}.case-connection>span{font:10px/1.8 monospace;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.connection-line{height:1px;background:var(--accent);margin:22px -12px;position:relative}.connection-line:before,.connection-line:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:-3px;width:7px;height:7px;background:var(--accent);border-radius:50%}.connection-line:before{left:0}.connection-line:after{right:0}.case-connection strong{display:block;font-size:31px;font-weight:400}.case-connection small{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.segmented{display:flex;gap:4px;padding:7px 0}.segmented button{flex:1;padding:9px 5px;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);border-color:transparent}.segmented button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--panel2);color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--line)}.contribution{margin-top:18px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:5px 12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:16px}.contribution>span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.contribution b{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/3;font-size:30px;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:-1px}.contribution small{font:12px monospace}.provenance-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1fr;gap:60px;align-items:center}.source-caption{display:block;margin-top:14px;font:11px monospace;letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted)}.provenance-viz h3{font-size:40px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-1.6px}.provenance-viz h3 em{font-family:Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent);font-weight:400}.provenance-viz p:not(.eyebrow):not(.viz-note){font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.provenance-numbers{display:flex;gap:45px;margin-top:25px}.provenance-numbers b{display:block;font-size:40px;font-weight:400}.provenance-numbers span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.functional-choice{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;margin-bottom:30px}.functional-choice>div{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}.functional-choice>div:last-child{border-color:var(--accent)}.functional-choice span{font:11px monospace;color:var(--muted)}.functional-choice h3{font-size:27px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-1px}.functional-choice p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;font-size:15px}.functional-counts{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:45px;margin:25px 0;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.functional-counts b{color:var(--accent);font-size:26px;font-weight:400;margin-right:7px}.push-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);gap:15px}.push-group{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:30px;margin-top:25px}.push-group h3{font-size:20px;font-weight:400}.push-bar-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:55px 1fr 70px;align-items:center;gap:15px;margin:12px 0}.push-bar-row>span{font:12px monospace;color:var(--muted)}.push-bar-row>div{height:10px;background:var(--panel2)}.push-bar-row i{display:block;height:100%}.push-bar-row b{font-size:17px;font-weight:400}.push-axis{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font:10px monospace;color:var(--muted);padding:10px 85px 15px 320px}.takeaway{margin-top:20px;padding:20px 25px;background:var(--panel);border-left:2px solid var(--accent)}.takeaway>span{font:10px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.takeaway p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;margin:10px 0 0}.limits,.limits-viz{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}.limits>div,.limits-viz article{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:22px}.limits-viz article>span{font:14px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.limits-viz h3{font-size:24px;font-weight:400;margin:17px 0 10px}.limits-viz p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted)}.limits-viz b{font-size:13px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:400}.closing-statement{font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,60px);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-2px;margin:12px 0 40px}.closing-statement em{font-family:Georgia,serif;color:var(--accent)}.conclusion-rows>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px 170px 1fr;gap:15px;align-items:center;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:19px 0}.conclusion-rows span{font:13px monospace;color:var(--accent)}.conclusion-rows b{font-size:20px;font-weight:400}.conclusion-rows p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin:0}.presentation .header{height:76px}.slide{max-width:1450px;margin:auto;padding:32px 6% 95px;min-height:calc(100dvh - 76px);display:flex;flex-direction:column}.slide-heading{margin-bottom:24px}.slide-heading h1{font-size:clamp(28px,3.5vw,48px);font-weight:400;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-1.8px;margin:16px 0 0}.slide-visual{flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;min-height:0}.slide-visual>.viz-note{margin-top:14px;font-size:12px}.slide-source{font-size:10px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin-top:20px;max-width:1100px}.slide-bottom{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px;padding:14px 4.5%;background:#0b1015f5;backdrop-filter:blur(15px);border-top:1px solid var(--line);z-index:20}.slide-counter{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;white-space:nowrap}.slide-counter b{font-size:25px;font-weight:400;color:var(--accent)}.slide-counter span{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.slide-progress{display:flex;flex:1;gap:5px;max-width:420px;margin:auto}.slide-progress a{height:28px;flex:1;display:flex;align-items:center}.slide-progress a:after{content:'';height:2px;width:100%;background:var(--line)}.slide-progress a[aria-current]:after{background:var(--accent);height:4px}.slide-controls{display:flex;gap:8px}.slide-controls button{font-size:12px;padding:9px 13px}.cover-slide{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:8%;align-items:center}.cover-word{font-size:clamp(58px,8vw,112px);letter-spacing:-7px;font-weight:400}.cover-word span{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;color:var(--accent)}.cover-slide>div>p{font-size:21px;line-height:1.7;max-width:580px;color:var(--muted)}.cover-credit{margin-top:42px;font-size:19px;line-height:1.9}.cover-credit span{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.cover-xray{max-width:430px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px}.cover-xray>span{font:9px/1.8 monospace;color:var(--muted);display:block;margin-top:15px;letter-spacing:1px}.presentation .case-viz{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 130px minmax(0,.78fr);max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;width:100%}.presentation .case-viz img{max-height:41vh;object-fit:contain;background:#000}.presentation .labels-viz .image-button img,.presentation .metrics-viz .image-button img,.presentation .provenance-viz .image-button img{max-height:42vh;object-fit:contain;background:#000}.presentation .validation-chart{max-height:46vh}.presentation .contrast-chart{max-height:37vh}.presentation .data-details{display:none}.presentation .grounding-pair{gap:65px}.presentation .metric-big{font-size:53px}.presentation .question-map{margin:15px 0 30px}.presentation .question-item h3{font-size:23px}.presentation .question-item p{font-size:17px;min-height:70px}.presentation .big-num{font-size:78px}.presentation .geometry-viz{max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto;width:100%}.presentation .geometry-drawing svg{max-height:37vh}.presentation .training-track{margin-bottom:24px}.presentation .training-track p{font-size:16px}.presentation .training-track h3{font-size:24px}.presentation .limits-viz{gap:26px 55px}.presentation .closing-statement{font-size:58px}.presentation .conclusion-rows>div{grid-template-columns:50px 230px 1fr}.presentation .conclusion-rows b{font-size:25px}.presentation .conclusion-rows p{font-size:18px}.presentation .slide-source{opacity:.8}.slide{animation:appear .35s ease-out}@keyframes appear{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(8px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}
@media(min-width:1500px){.slide{padding-top:45px}.slide-heading{margin-bottom:40px}.slide-heading h1{font-size:52px}.slide-visual .viz-note{font-size:14px}.presentation .case-viz img{max-height:48vh}.presentation .validation-chart{max-height:49vh}}
@media(max-width:1150px){.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:40px 5%}.reading-nav{display:none}.article-visual{margin-bottom:40px}.question-map{gap:18px}.question-item{padding-right:15px}.presentation .metric-big{font-size:40px}.presentation .slide{padding-inline:4.5%}.presentation .slide-heading h1{font-size:38px}.slide-progress{max-width:260px}.presentation .case-viz{max-width:760px}.push-group{grid-template-columns:190px 1fr}.push-axis{padding-left:290px}}
@media(max-width:800px){.home-path{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:65px 6%;gap:30px}.home-path h2{font-size:38px}.path-list a{gap:12px;padding:19px 0}.path-list h3{font-size:16px}.path-list small{display:none}.article h1{font-size:42px;letter-spacing:-2px}.article-intro{font-size:17px}.article-body{padding:0 4px}.article-body h2{font-size:25px}.article-body p,.article-body li{font-size:16px}.article-body [data-visual]{margin:25px 0;padding:15px}.question-map{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.question-item:nth-child(2){border:0}.question-item h3{font-size:19px}.question-item p{font-size:14px}.big-num{font-size:45px}.question-meta{margin-top:20px}.split-roles{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:25px}.train-role{grid-column:1/-1;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:15px}.split-roles>article{padding-left:0;border:0}.split-top{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.split-bar>div{min-width:83px;padding:12px 8px;font-size:9px}.split-bar b{font-size:26px}.labels-viz{gap:25px}.finding-list{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin:10px 0}.finding-list span{padding:8px 0;font-size:12px}.mask-counts{gap:20px;padding-top:15px}.mask-counts b{font-size:30px}.geometry-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.geometry-drawing svg{width:100%;max-height:260px}.geometry-control{min-width:0}.forward-steps{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:8px}.forward-node img,.feature-stack,.latent-grid,.proto-dots,.logit-bars{height:70px;width:70px}.forward-node>b{font-size:11px}.forward-node:nth-child(4),.forward-node:nth-child(5){min-height:150px}.step-detail{min-height:140px}.baseline-path{gap:15px}.baseline-path p{font-size:12px}.training-track{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:15px 25px}.training-track p{font-size:13px}.training-selection{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.loss-labels{flex-wrap:wrap}.hinge-viz{gap:25px;padding:0}.hinge-result{padding-left:20px}.hinge-result strong{font-size:62px;letter-spacing:-3px}.hinge-result p{font-size:13px}.hinge-controls .eyebrow{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px}.viz-toolbar{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:15px}.chart-panel .viz-toolbar label{align-self:flex-end}.chart-panel{min-width:0}.validation-chart{min-width:550px}.contrast-chart{min-width:600px}#validation-chart{overflow-x:auto}.chart-panel:has(.contrast-chart){overflow-x:auto}.contrast-summary{gap:15px;padding:15px}.contrast-summary>b{font-size:29px}.contrast-summary p{font-size:12px}.grounding-pair{gap:20px}.grounding-pair>div+div{padding-left:20px}.metric-big{font-size:25px;letter-spacing:-1px}.metric-big i{margin:0 6px;font-size:20px}.metric-big>span,.metric-big strong span{font-size:12px}.metrics-viz{gap:25px}.metric-definitions h3{font-size:24px}.metric-definitions p{font-size:13px}.case-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr .74fr;gap:18px}.case-connection{display:none}.case-label{min-height:45px}.case-label b{font-size:11px}.case-label span{font-size:9px}.contribution{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px}.contribution b{font-size:26px}.segmented button{font-size:10px;padding:9px 3px}.provenance-viz{gap:25px;grid-template-columns:.85fr 1fr}.provenance-viz h3{font-size:29px;letter-spacing:-1px}.provenance-viz p:not(.eyebrow):not(.viz-note){font-size:14px}.provenance-numbers{gap:20px}.provenance-numbers b{font-size:30px}.functional-choice{gap:20px}.functional-choice h3{font-size:21px}.functional-counts{gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.functional-counts span{font-size:12px}.functional-counts b{font-size:23px}.push-group{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:3px;margin-top:15px}.push-group h3{font-size:18px}.push-bar-row{grid-template-columns:50px 1fr 60px;gap:10px}.push-axis{padding-left:60px;padding-right:70px}.push-head{flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.takeaway p{font-size:14px}.limits,.limits-viz{gap:20px}.limits-viz h3{font-size:20px}.limits-viz p{font-size:14px}.conclusion-rows>div{grid-template-columns:26px 125px 1fr;gap:9px}.conclusion-rows b{font-size:16px}.conclusion-rows p{font-size:13px}.closing-statement{font-size:37px;letter-spacing:-1.7px}.slide{padding:30px 5% 105px;min-height:calc(100dvh - 76px)}.presentation .slide-heading h1{font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-1px}.slide-bottom{gap:15px;padding:12px 5%}.slide-progress{display:none}.slide-controls{margin-left:auto;gap:5px}.slide-controls button{padding:9px 10px}.slide-counter b{font-size:21px}.slide-counter span{font-size:11px}.cover-slide{gap:20px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.cover-word{font-size:63px;letter-spacing:-4px}.cover-slide>div>p{font-size:16px}.cover-credit{font-size:16px;margin-top:30px}.cover-credit span{font-size:11px}.cover-xray{padding:9px}.cover-xray>span{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.5px}.presentation .case-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr .74fr}.presentation .question-item h3{font-size:19px}.presentation .question-item p{font-size:14px;min-height:45px}.presentation .big-num{font-size:45px}.presentation .grounding-pair{gap:20px}.presentation .metric-big{font-size:29px}.presentation .closing-statement{font-size:36px}.presentation .conclusion-rows>div{grid-template-columns:25px 140px 1fr}.presentation .conclusion-rows b{font-size:18px}.presentation .conclusion-rows p{font-size:14px}.presentation .training-track p{font-size:14px}.presentation .training-track h3{font-size:20px}.presentation .validation-chart{max-height:none}.presentation .contrast-chart{max-height:none}.slide-source{font-size:10px}}
@media(max-width:480px){.hero h1{font-size:61px}.brand{gap:8px}.mode-nav a{padding:8px 10px;font-size:12px}.header{gap:12px}.brand-mark{font-size:26px}.hero-strip strong{font-size:28px}.hero-strip div{padding-left:15px}.hero-strip span{font-size:11px}.article h1{font-size:36px}.article-visual{padding:22px 0}.question-item{padding-right:10px}.question-item h3{font-size:16px}.labels-viz,.metrics-viz,.provenance-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr}.labels-viz .image-button,.metrics-viz .image-button,.provenance-viz .image-button{max-width:320px;margin:auto}.finding-list{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.grounding-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr}.grounding-pair>div+div{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:0;padding-top:15px}.metric-big,.presentation .metric-big{font-size:40px}.grounding-pair svg{max-height:150px;width:100%}.limits,.limits-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr}.functional-choice{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:15px}.functional-choice h3{margin:12px 0}.functional-choice p{margin:8px 0}.case-viz{gap:10px}.case-label b{font-size:10px}.conclusion-rows>div,.presentation .conclusion-rows>div{grid-template-columns:25px 1fr}.conclusion-rows p{grid-column:2}.cover-slide{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cover-xray{max-width:270px;margin:auto}.cover-credit{margin-top:18px}.slide-heading{margin-bottom:22px}.presentation .slide-heading h1{font-size:27px}.presentation .slide-visual{justify-content:flex-start}.presentation .cover-word{font-size:64px}.slide-controls button{padding:9px 8px}.hinge-viz{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hinge-result{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:12px}.hinge-result strong{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/3;font-size:62px;margin:0}.hinge-result p{margin:0}.training-track{gap:12px}.chart-panel .viz-toolbar label{align-self:flex-start}.chapter-pagination{font-size:13px}.chapter-pagination a{max-width:47%}.label-states{gap:8px}.label-states span{font-size:11px}.presentation .limits-viz{gap:22px}.visual-questions .question-map{gap:15px}.presentation .question-item h3{font-size:17px}.presentation .question-item p{font-size:13px}.question-meta b{font-size:12px}.question-meta span{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.6px}}
@media print{.header,.reading-nav,.slide-bottom,.index-panel,.chapter-pagination,#footer{display:none!important}body{background:white;color:#111;--text:#111;--muted:#444;--line:#bbb;--accent:#326511;--panel:#eee;--panel2:#ddd}.reading-layout{display:block;padding:0}.article-heading{padding-top:0}.article h1{font-size:32px}.article-body{max-width:none}.article-body p,.article-body li{color:#222}.slide{padding:0;min-height:0}.article-visual,.slide-visual{break-inside:avoid}.image-button img{max-height:350px;object-fit:contain}a{text-decoration:none}.home-path{padding:30px 0}.viz-note{color:#444}svg{background:#111;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}}
@media(min-width:801px) and (max-height:820px){
.presentation .slide{padding-top:22px;padding-bottom:85px}.presentation .slide-heading{margin-bottom:18px}.presentation .slide-heading h1{font-size:35px;margin-top:12px}.presentation .slide-source{margin-top:12px;font-size:10px}.presentation .viz-toolbar{margin-bottom:16px}.presentation .slide-visual>.viz-note{margin-top:10px;font-size:11px}.presentation .case-viz img{max-height:34vh}.presentation .cover-xray{max-width:330px}.presentation .cover-credit{margin-top:22px}.presentation .cover-word{font-size:86px}.presentation .cover-slide>div>p{font-size:18px}.presentation .validation-chart{max-height:38vh}.presentation .legend{margin:8px 0}.presentation .contrast-chart{max-height:34vh}.presentation .contrast-summary{padding:12px 20px}.presentation .contrast-summary>b{font-size:34px}.presentation .grounding-pair h3{font-size:23px;margin:7px 0}.presentation .grounding-pair p{margin:8px 0}.presentation .metric-big{font-size:44px;margin:18px 0}.presentation .grounding-pair svg{max-height:165px;width:100%}.presentation .forward-node img,.presentation .feature-stack,.presentation .latent-grid,.presentation .proto-dots,.presentation .logit-bars{height:78px;width:78px;margin-bottom:17px}.presentation .step-detail{padding:16px 0;min-height:96px}.presentation .functional-choice{margin-bottom:15px}.presentation .functional-choice>div{padding-top:12px}.presentation .functional-choice h3{margin:14px 0}.presentation .functional-counts{margin:16px 0}.presentation .push-group{margin-top:14px}.presentation .push-bar-row{margin:9px 0}.presentation .takeaway{padding:15px 22px;margin-top:10px}.presentation .closing-statement{font-size:46px;margin-bottom:26px}.presentation .conclusion-rows>div{padding:13px 0}.presentation .conclusion-rows p{font-size:16px}.presentation .provenance-viz h3{font-size:34px;margin:22px 0}.presentation .provenance-numbers{margin-top:15px}.presentation .provenance-numbers b{font-size:34px}
}
@media(max-width:480px){.hero .scan-label{position:static;min-width:0;margin:14px -10px -10px;padding:16px}.hero .xray-frame{padding:24px 18px 20px}.hero .scan-label strong{font-size:20px}.hero .scan-label p{font-size:11px}.hero .figure-number{font-size:10px}}
.public-status{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 17px;margin:15px 0 0;color:var(--accent);font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.public-status a,.pdf-download,.slide-source a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor}.public-status a:hover,.pdf-download:hover,.slide-source a:hover{opacity:.73}.source-note .pdf-download{display:inline-flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;margin-top:7px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;padding:6px 0}.source-note .pdf-download span{font-size:20px;line-height:1}.source-note small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;margin-top:8px}.slide-source a{display:inline-block;margin-left:10px;white-space:nowrap}.slide-source>span{display:inline-block;margin-left:8px;color:var(--muted)}
@media(max-width:800px){.slide-source>span{display:block;margin:3px 0 0}.public-status{font-size:12px}}
.presentation .slide-source{margin-top:5px;font-size:9px;line-height:1.35}

.source-note .ref-link,.slide-source .ref-link{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.source-note .ref-link:hover,.slide-source .ref-link:hover{opacity:.7}.slide-source .ref-link{margin-left:0;white-space:normal}.source-note .ref-link{font-weight:600}

.geometry-use{display:grid;gap:7px;margin-top:18px;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.geometry-use>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:55px 1fr;gap:10px;align-items:baseline}.geometry-use b{font:10px monospace;letter-spacing:.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent)}.geometry-use span{font-size:12px;line-height:1.35;color:var(--text)}.geometry-control .geometry-use+.viz-note{margin-top:12px}.presentation .geometry-viz{max-width:1080px;gap:28px}.presentation .geometry-drawing svg{max-height:33vh}.presentation .geometry-control label{margin-top:17px}.presentation .geometry-control input[type=range]{margin:11px 0}.presentation .geometry-control .readouts{margin:9px 0 10px}.presentation .geometry-control .geometry-use{margin-top:10px;padding-top:9px;gap:5px}.presentation .geometry-control .geometry-use span{font-size:13px}.presentation .geometry-control .geometry-use+.viz-note{margin-top:9px}